Point Cloud

A Point Cloud is a massive set of discrete X, Y, Z data points: it's the raw, high-density 3D geometric data captured by LiDAR and 3D scanners.

Point Clouds are collections of millions or billions of spatial data points, each defined by its precise Cartesian coordinates (X, Y, Z), often including attributes like RGB color or intensity. This data is typically acquired using high-fidelity sensors: specifically, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) or structured light 3D scanners. The technology is critical for high-accuracy digital twins, serving as the foundation for 3D modeling, BIM (Building Information Modeling), and metrology (quality inspection). Key applications include geospatial surveying, reverse engineering, and enabling navigation in autonomous vehicle systems, providing an unparalleled digital replica of a physical environment.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_cloud